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Name : Muhammad Fakhri Bin Salim

Matric No: A10A083

Faculty: Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Business

University : University Malaysia Kelantan

Date of Birth : 17 December 1990

Place of Birth: Kuala Berang

Area of Study: Bachelor of Tourism

Ambition: Businessman

Evaluation of this assignment :This subject helped to give me more information about tourism and how to find the interesting places. Now, i know more things about the attraction places in the world and it will motivate me to go outside this country to travel in others country. 

1. Giza, Egypt.

Giza is home to one of the most awe inspiring landmarks in the world, the 'Great Pyramid'. The last remaining of the seven wonders of the world, the great pyramid and other pyramids of Giza are a must see for tourists in Egypt. Aside from the pyramids, Giza also is home to the 'Great Sphinx', whilst looking it's age at 6000 years old, it is still another of Giza's fantastic tourist attractions and is only a short walk away from the pyramids.

Contrary to the common belief, only the Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), not all three Great Pyramids , is on top of the list of Wonders. The monument was built by the Egyptian pharaoh Khufu of the Fourth Dynasty around the year 2560 BC to serve as a tomb when he dies.

The tradition of pyramid building started in Ancient Egypt as a sophistication of the idea of a mastaba or "platform" covering the royal tomb. Later, several stacked mastabas were used. Early pyramids, such as the Step Pyramid of King Zoser (Djoser) at Saqqara by the famous Egyptian architect, Imhotep, illustrate this connection.

The great pyramid is believed to have been built over a 20 year period. The site was first prepared, and blocks of stone were transported and placed. An outer casing (which disappeared over the years) was then used to smooth the surface. Although it is not known how the blocks were put in place, several theories have been proposed.

One theory involves the construction of a straight or spiral ramp that was raised as the construction proceeded. This ramp, coated with mud and water, eased the displacement of the blocks which were pushed (or pulled) into place. A second theory suggests that the blocks were placed using long levers with a short angled foot.

Those visiting the pyramids have an option for an extra fee of being taken inside the pyramids. Photography and camcorders are strictly forbidden but the memory snap shots that will be gained from this experience will last you forever. However, it is important to note that those who suffer from chlostrophobic environments and heat exhaustion need to think twice as each pyramid takes you deep into the ground where a stuffy atmosphere and small chambers will be upon you.

Camel ride touts, nik-nak souvenirs, and beggars are in abundance in this area and unfortunately the downside to the Giza experience is a distinct lack of law that controls the number of salesmen in the area and lack of respect that these entrepreneurs show when trying to sell their gifts to tourists. Try and put these out of your mind and Giza will leave you with a fantastic day trip experience. 

2. Dubai, UAE

It situated in the North East of the country. Dubai is one of the 7 emirates that comprise this country. Dubai is 120 km North East of Abu Dhabi city and is set directly on the Persian Gulf occupying level terrain. It is bisected by Dubai Creek (also known as the Khor Dubai), which is really a deep-water inlet. The area consists of flat desert surrounds; a great expanse of sand dunes stretches away to the S, and the rugged Hajar Mountains rise to the East.

Without doubt the most popular tourist venue in the UAE, Dubai is a wealthy, cosmopolitan, multicultural and multinational city that combines the glamour and entrepreneurial panache of Hong Kong with the flamboyance of Las Vegas, all served up with an Arabian flourish.

This liberal, tolerant destination has what it takes to have a good time, with big-time horse races and sporting events, first-class tax-free shopping, fine beaches lapped by the Gulf's warm waters, guaranteed sunshine and lively nightlife. With its array of striking, ultramodern architecture and brisk pace of life, the casual observer can be forgiven for thinking that the city is entirely a modern creation; the fact is that the location has been inhabited for well over 2 millennia, and old minarets, mosques and traditional dwellings can be found dotted about the older portions. The city hugs the coastline for about 15 mls (being about 5 mls at its widest), and comprises 2 main parts: Bur Dubai (the original section) and, on the opposite side of Dubai Creek, Deira, now the city centre. Along the coast to the South West of the centre lies Jumeirah, a residential area that's home to many Western ex-pats. Around the airport on the North East side of Dubai Creek is Al-Garhoud, a select suburban area.

Besides that, Dubai is becoming increasingly popular with middle to upmarket Western tourists seeking a hot, sunny shopping and sunbathing haven. Large numbers of international business people also flock here due to it's well catered business environment. Dubai also hosts arguably the world's most luxurious (7 star) hotel (Burj al Arab Hotel).

There are more than 2 dozen deluxe hotels and modern apartment complexes, as well as more modest properties in and around the city centre. Many of the most modern, luxurious establishments are dotted along the very extensive sandy shoreline (Jumeirah Beach) to the SW; most are well equipped and stylish, with their own in-house entertainment. Dubai really is an upmarket shopper's paradise. Fine jewellery, gold, watches, designer labels, fabrics, Persian carpets, sports gear, consumer electronics and even cars, often at incredibly low prices (thanks to low customs duties). A proliferation of large air-conditioned shopping malls, plus more conventional street parades and centres. A number of traditional souks; the Gold Souk, with its plethora of Arabian, Indian and SE Asian wares, is an experience in itself, and one of the largest retail gold markets in the world. Haggling is de rigueur, and watch your back pocket. Prized local products include Arabian coffee pots, silver and brass swords and khanjars (curved daggers), shisha pipes, porcelain prayer beads, antique silver jewellery, brass trinkets, model sailing ships of silver and wood, and high-quality wooden furniture.

3. Berlin, Germany.

Berlin situated in the North East of Germany ( 50 miles west of the Poland's border. 18 miles east of Postdam. Berlin is the capital city of Germany and one of the 16 states (Länder) of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Berlin is the largest city in Germany and has a population of 4.5 million within its metropolitan area and 3.4 million from 190 countries within the city limits. Berlin is best known for its historical associations as the German capital, for its internationality and tolerance, for its lively nightlife, for its many cafes, clubs, and bars, for its street art, and for its numerous museums, palaces, and other sites of historic interest.

Berlin's architecture is quite varied. Although badly damaged in the final years of World War II and broken apart during the Cold War, Berlin has reconstructed itself greatly, especially with the reunification push after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. It is now possible to see representatives of many different historic periods in a short time within the city center, from a few surviving medieval buildings near Alexanderplatz, to the ultramodern glass and steel structures in Potsdamer Platz. Because of its tumultuous history, Berlin remains a city with many distinctive neighborhoods.

   

Berlin is a popular city for the arts, with lots of museums, galleries and theaters. At the Kulturforum visitors can find a number of impressive museums and concert venues from the spectacular Berliner Philharmonie concert hall to the complex's Picture Gallery, which houses a vast collection of European paintings from the 13th to 18th centuries.

Berlin has always boasted fantastic nightlife, and while tastes have changed since the height of the cabaret halls of the 1920s and 30s, there is a wide variety of venues catering for all tastes. Berlin's calendar is also packed with festivals and parties

4. Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe.

The Victoria Falls constitutes one of the most spectacular natural wonders of the world. The Local people call it "Mosi-oa-Tunya" means the smoke that thunders and the Falls are remarkable. There is a magic about them manifested in the towering column of spray when the river is high, the thunder of the falling water, the terrifying abyss and tranquil lagoons upstream in which hippo and deadly crocodiles lurk.

This legendary waterfall is among the biggest, and most awe-inspiring, on the planet. The Zambezi River is more than 1.25 miles (2 kilometers) wide when it cascades over the lip of a large basalt plateau and plunges as much as 354 feet (108 meters). The flow has been slicing slowly through this plateau for some two million years. During this time the river has slowly retreated and the remnants of earlier, ancient falls can be seen in the gorges downstream from the current cataract.

The national border between Zambia and Zimbabwe lies midstream, and national parks of both nations exist on either side of the Zambezi. The gorges and cliffs below the falls in these parks are prime territory for raptors, including falcons and black eagles.

Today several hundred thousand visitors from around the world trek to the falls each year; several hotels, restaurants, campgrounds, and other tourist businesses cater to them. The beauty of the falls lies in their natural state, but the area is at some risk of runaway tourism-based development—more resorts, hotels, and even a possible dam below the falls that could flood several park gorges. Operators in the area offer everything from helicopter overflights to bungee jumping, and the management of these activities while preserving a quality visitor experience for all is an ongoing challenge.

Remarkably preserved in its natural state, Victoria falls inspires visitors as much today as it did David Livingstone in the 1860's. The falls and the surrounding area have been declared National Parks and a World Heritage Site, thus preserving the area from excessive commercialisation. The Falls are spectacular throughout the year, but February onwards, after the rain season, has the heaviest flow and volume of spray.

5. Singapore.

The Republic of Singapore is located on the Malay Peninsula and reaches out across around 40 adjacent islands most of which have beautiful tropical beaches that due to their proximity to the equator are warm and great for swimming and diving all year round.

Beguiling Singapore is a modern city-state embracing economic progress against the backdrop of age-old tradition. The customs that underpin community life are created out of a cultural mix that includes predominantly Chinese, Indian and Malay ethnic groups.

Singapore is a land of stark contrast, from one of the sleekest cleanest cities in the world you can also find authentic asian foods and goods for a very reasonable price. Singapore is quite possibly the only city in the world famous for making the sale and chewing of gum illegal, and regulating the length of male haircuts in some places. Shopping is very cheap in Singapore and many of the more expensive holiday activities such as Scuba Diving and yachting can be found for a very affordable price from reputable professionals in the field.

It is also called a "fine" city, as fines are levied for spitting, jaywalking, littering and smoking in air-conditioned public places including restaurants. The sale and importation of chewing gum is also banned. Most Singaporeans do not live in the city centre, but in vast high-rise government housing estates spread around the island and rarely visited by tourists. The water is safe to drink. Drugs are illegal and there is an automatic death penalty for drug traffickers.

There is something for everyone, local traditions, history, cultural mix; a restful holiday or just shop-till-you-drop. The country is well-suited to those looking for a gentle introduction to Asia, it is completely Westernised.

Hotels are mainly located in the area from Orchard Road through to Marina Square. Most are high-rise (at least one has over 70 floors) and the broad choice ranges from the famous Raffles hotel to cheaper options in Chinatown and Little India.

During the daytime attractions include golf , public tennis and squash courts, privately run gyms. Spectator sports including football, cricket, rugby and horse racing. Water sports such as wind surfing, canoeing, sailing and water-skiing along the South East coast, Changi and Punggol.

Orchard Road is a shopper's heaven. Around a mile of glossy shopping centres sell all big designer names (but often for similar prices as UK) as well as cheaper imitations. Shops selling cameras, watches and stereo systems abound. To see the real Singapore, visit People's Park in Chinatown (Chinese department stores and cheaper shops), Little India and Arab Street. Most shops open mid-morning and close around 9pm, 365 days of the year.
Evening brings an array of activity especially in larger hotels, many bars and coffee shops. UK style nightclubs attracting big-name DJs from London and New York, theme bars.

6. The Great Wall, China.

The Great Wall known as the great attraction places in the China. It spans a staggering 8000km across China. The most visited sections of the wall can be found around Beijing. Badaling and Mutianyu are the most popular sights both of which are within 90km from Beijing. 

 The Great Wall is perhaps China's most famous and most mythologized site. Several sections are conveniently visited from Beijing, including at Badaling, the most popular site, about 70 km (43 miles.) northwest of Beijing and at Mutianyu, 90 km (56 miles.) northeast of Beijing. These impressive brick and earth structures date from the Ming dynasty, when the wall was fortified against Mongol forces to the north. It has been built in several stages and was at its prime time more than 8000 km long.

The Ming sections of the wall are only a late stage in a long history, much of which has little to do with the present structures. The wall is most often associated with the First Emperor of China (Qin Shi Huangdi, reigned 221- 210 BC ) , who after unifying China by conquest undertook to link up previously existing sections of walls belonging to conquered states, but on a course far to the north of the present wall. The First Emperor mobilized massive conscripted labor forces, by some accounts up to a million strong, to conduct this building campaign.

The wall served as a symbolic reminder of dynastic authority and also of cultural distinction between settled agrarian culture and cities on the Chinese side and pastoral horsemen on the other. It continues today to serve as a marker of cultural and national identity.

7. Bangkok, Thailand.

Bangkok is the capital of Thailand and, with a population of over eleven million inhabitants, by far its largest city. Its high-rise buildings, heavy traffic congestion, intense heat and naughty nightlife may not immediately give you the best impression but don't let that mislead you. It is one of Asia's most cosmopolitan cities with magnificent temples and palaces, authentic canals, busy markets and a vibrant nightlife that has something for everyone. Thailand's capital is divided by the Chao Phraya River and is nestled in one of the world's most fertile rice-producing deltas.

Bangkok's 579 square miles (1,500 sq km) are criss-crossed by a series of canals carrying passengers and cargo, its roads clotted with endless traffic jams, while the city sprawls in all directions with a hodge-podge of urban, commercial and industrial buildings. A new overland metropolitan railway speeds above the city, providing visitors with a relaxed and efficient way to observe the hustle and bustle below.

Despite its pollution and overcrowding, Bangkok is undoubtedly one of Asia's most exciting cities, and one of the world's largest, promising to reveal to each traveller the wild and untamed mysteries of the east. On the banks of the Chao Phraya visitors will find the Grand Palace as well as Wat Phra Kaeo, the palace temple housing the Emerald Buddha, constructed entirely from translucent green jade. Slightly upriver are the exquisitely ornamented Royal Barges, still used today for special floating processions. 

 

 

8. Hong Kong, China.

Hong Kong situated on the South East coast of China (it is 1,200 miles South of Beijing, 114 miles South of Guangzhou (Canton). Airport 21 miles North West of central Kowloon), is a territory straddling two worlds. Since the handover in 1997, Hong Kong has become a 'Special Administrative Region (SAR)' of China and no longer part of British sovereignty. The past and present merge together to create a capitalist utopia embedded within the world's largest Communist country.

Hong Kong can almost be regarded as two cities. On Hong Kong Island, the densely packed skyscrapers rise from the water's edge up the hillside and overlook the harbour and the broad flat peninsula of Kowloon on the other side. North of Kowloon lie the largely rural and mountainous New Territories (which comprise 70% of Hong Kong's land area) and, beyond this area, the border with the rest of China. Beyond the mainland are the Outlying Islands comprising of 234 islands.

Hong Kong caters for all types and all nationalities. Ideal for shopaholics and those wanting a gateway to the rest of China. The accommodation here is mainly large international-style hotels with high categories and prices to match. It is essentially aimed at business clientele. Few hotels have a true garden setting although most are fully double glazed and soundproofed against noise and bustle.

 

 

9. Bali, Indonesia.

Bali is one of more than 17,000 islands in the Indonesian archipelago and is located just over 2 kilometres (almost 1.5 miles) from the eastern tip of the island of Java and west of the island of Lombok. The island, home to about 4 million people, is approximately 144 kilometres (90 mi.) from east to west and 80 kilometres (50 mi.) north to south.

Bali is a small island across the strait at the eastern end of Java, the main island- it's a three-hour flight from Singapore. Bali has the Indian Ocean on the south and the Bali Sea on the north separated by mountains that rise over 2000m (6600ft). Gunung Agung, the active "mother" volcano rises to over 3100m (10300ft).

The word "paradise" is used a lot in Bali and not without reason. The combination of friendly, hospitable people, a magnificently visual culture infused with spirituality and (not least) spectacular beaches with great surfing and diving have made Bali Indonesia's unrivaled number one tourist attraction. Eighty percent of international visitors to Indonesia visit Bali and Bali alone. 

Bali, often referred to as the Island of the Gods, is a land of fiery volcanoes and fertile valleys shrouded in mist. Terraced rice paddies line deep gorges while resorts dot the shoreline. Fruits and vegetables are plentiful and sounds of the gamelan are never far away. The emphasis in Bali is on harmony and culture. This divine island has much to offer yet most visitors go no further than the southern beaches. There is much to see here and accommodation is available to fit every budget. Temples, flanked by walled courtyards, outnumber houses and beautifully landscaped water gardens peer out invitingly from homes and businesses. It's hard to imagine a more picturesque island than Bali.

10. Sydney, Australia.

Sydney is situated on the east coast, in the region of New South Wales. Sydney is Australia's oldest, largest and most diverse city. Located in the centre of Sydney is the dazzling Sydney Harbour with its iconic Sydney Harbour Bridge and Sydney Opera House. The city has no shortage of lazy bays and legendary surf beaches but Sydney is an adventure playground on the grandest scale with no shortage of activities. There's the Bondi surf, sailing under the Harbour Bridge on a yacht, jogging along the Coogee cliff tops or rampaging through Centennial Park on horseback. Everybody seems to enjoy the outdoors with swarming beaches, buzzing street cafés and the harbour is always blooming with a variety of sails. Sydney's location gives it a temperate, sunny climate with average maximum temperatures range from 17 degrees Celsius in winter (June-August) to 27 degrees Celsius in summer (December-February).

Sydney's population is approaching five million, but it is easy to leave the frenetic urban pace behind with just a simple ferry ride to the North Shore for a bush walk, enjoy a stroll along the harbour beaches or take any one of a number of daytrips to explore the 'real' Australia on the doorstep.

Sydney is a dynamic city and visitors love its verve and vibrancy, its beautiful harbour and myriad waterways. From sailboats and ferry rides to fine dining at a harbourside restaurant or outdoor cafe, the soul of Sydney is the harbour. The city is also a wonderful base for touring the New South Wales countryside and beyond the city there are friendly country towns, national parks filled with extraordinary flora and fauna, and beautiful beaches up and down the coast.

11. Cape Town, South Africa.

Capetown is located on the extreme south west tip of South Africa, (it is 875 mls SW of Johannesburg, 1,050 miles south west of Durban and 475 miles est of Port Elizabeth. International airport is 12 miles east). It is to the north coast of the "hook" of the Cape of Good Hope, with the Atlantic to the west and False Bay, almost the start of the Indian Ocean, to the East. Cape Town is the most popular international tourist destination in South Africa due to its good climate, natural setting, and relatively well-developed infrastructure.

The city has several well-known natural features that attract tourists, most notably Table Mountain, which forms a large part of the Table Mountain National Park and is the back end of the City Bowl. Reaching the top of the mountain can be achieved either by hiking up, or by taking the Table Mountain Cable way. Cape Point is recognized as the dramatic headland at the end of the Cape Peninsula. Many tourists also drive along Chapman's Peak Drive, a narrow road that links Noordhoek with Hout Bay, for the views of the Atlantic Ocean and nearby mountains. It is possible to either drive or hike up Signal Hill for closer views of the City Bowl and Table Mountain.

Cape Town is noted for its architectural heritage, with the highest density of Cape Dutch style buildings in the world. Cape Dutch style, which combines the architectural traditions of the Netherlands, Germany and France, is most visible in Constantia, the old government buildings in the Central Business District, and along Long Street. The Artscape Theatre Centre is the main performing arts venue in Cape Town.

12. Venice, Italy.

 Venice is located in North-East Italy. Venice is built on 117 small islands and has some 150 canals and 409 bridges (only three of which cross the Grand Canal). The historical centre of Venice is made up of six districts: Cannaregio, Dorsoduro, Castello, Santa Croce, San Polo and San Marco.

Venice was divided in two by the Grand Canal, the districts of Cannaregio, Castello and San Marco occupy the northern part of the historical centre of Venice, while to the south of the Grand Canal we find the Santa Croce, San Polo and Dorsoduro districts. The Dorsoduro district also incorporates the Island of Guidecca.  Each of the six district has its own unique character and specific attractions.

Venice itself was built upon a series of islands, sand-banks and land reclaimed from the lagoon. Any sign of those original islands has long since been lost as the city continued to grow and develop as a sea of stone swept over her origins. But, not far from the historical centre of Venice , a string of Islands are waiting to be discovered by the intrepid traveller. Each one has its own particular attraction:

There are two main means of transportation in Venice, pedestrian and waterborne. Waterborne transport consists of water taxis and water buses or "vaporetto".

There is a British diplomatic presence in Venice, and should you need assistance while in Italy, consular staff are on hand there to help travelers if they have a problem in the country.

Italian is the official language. Dialects are spoken in different regions. German and Latin are spoken in the South Tyrol region, and French is spoken in all the border areas. German is spoken around the Austrian border. English, German and French are also spoken in tourism and business circles around Venice. 

 

13. Paris, France.

Paris is the cosmopolitan capital of France. It has the reputation of being the most beautiful and romantic of all cities. Paris also brimming with historic associations and remaining vastly influential in the realms of culture, art, fashion, food and design. Besides that, dubbed the City of Light (la Ville Lumière) and Capital of Fashion which it is home to the world's finest and most luxorious fashion designers and cosmetics, such as Chanel, Christian Dior, Yves Saint-Laurent, Guerlain, Lancôme, L'Oréal, Clarins, and others.

A large part of the city including the River Seine, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The city has the second highest number of Michelin-restaurants in the world (after Tokyo) and contains numerous iconic landmarks, such as the world's most visited tourist sight the Eiffel Tower, the Arc de Triomphe, the Notre-Dame Cathedral, the Louvre Museum, Moulin Rouge, Lido etc, making it the most popular tourist destination in the world with 45 million tourists annually.

It's hard to find words to do justice to Paris, although visitors and travel writers have certainly tried. The capital of France for 1,000 years, Paris is simply the city against which all others are measured. Sophisticated, stylish, romantic, gastronomic, cosmopolitan the list goes on.

The city's people are stylish and flirtatious, its architecture seductive, its restaurants and nightlife devoted to the pursuit of pleasure and its streets are scattered with dreams.

The iconic views from the Eiffel Tower or Sacré Coeur reveal hundreds of attractions for the snap happy visitor, while mime artists and character painters dwell in the tourist crowds.

14. Bamiyan Valley, Afganisthan

The cultural landscape and archaeological remains of the Bamiyan Valley represent the artistic and religious developments which from the 1st to the 13th centuries characterized ancient Bakhtria, integrating various cultural influences into the Gandhara school of Buddhist art. The area contains numerous Buddhist monastic ensembles and sanctuaries, as well as fortified edifices from the Islamic period.

Enclosed between the high mountains of the Hindu Kush in the central highlands of Afghanistan, the Bamiyan Valley opens out into a large basin bordered to the north by a long, high stretch of rocky cliffs. The Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley comprise a serial property consisting of eight separate sites within the Valley and its tributaries. Carved into the Bamiyan Cliffs are the two niches of the giant Buddha statues (55m and 38m high) destroyed by the Taliban in 2001, and numerous caves forming a large ensemble of Buddhist monasteries, chapels and sanctuaries along the foothills of the valley dating from the 3rd to the 5th century C.E. In several of the caves and niches, often linked by galleries, there are remains of wall paintings and seated Buddha figures. In the valleys of the Bamiyan's tributaries are further groups of caves including the Kakrak Valley Caves, some 3km south-east of the Bamiyan Cliffs where among the more than one hundred caves dating from the 6th to 13th centuries are fragments of a 10m tall standing Buddha figure and a sanctuary with painted decorations from the Sasanian period. Along the Fuladi valley around 2km southwest of the Bamiyan Cliffs are the caves of Qoul-i Akram and Lalai Ghami, also containing decorative features.

The cultural landscape and archaeological remains of the Bamiyan Valley continue to testify to the different cultural phases of its history. Seen as a cultural landscape, the Bamiyan Valley, with its artistic and architectural remains, the traditional land use and the simple mud brick constructions continues to express its Outstanding Universal Value in terms of form and materials, location and setting,  but may be vulnerable in the face of development and requires careful conservation and management.